Abstract
Fitbit trackers are exercise monitoring units that monitor well being and wellness knowledge, resembling steps, distance, energy burned, coronary heart charge, and sleep. FitBits use a triaxial accelerometer to seize physique movement in 3D house, which is then analyzed, with PPG knowledge, by Fitbit algorithms to determine patterns of movement and supply the person with numerous totally different knowledge parts. Fundamental options embrace sleep monitoring, vibrational silent alarm, sensible wake, sleep rating, bedtime reminders, and sleep insights. The premium app gives added Sleep Profile2 options such snore and noise detection and extra detailed sleep metrics. Fitbit doesn’t have FDA cleared indications for sleep, however does have 2 FDA cleared software program as a medical gadget (SaMD): for OTC irregular rhythm notification (4/8/22) and its ECG app (9/11/20).
Claimed Capabilities/Measurements
The Cost 6, Encourage 3, and Luxe have coronary heart charge monitoring, monitor exercise zone minutes, present a cardiofitness and day by day readiness rating, monitor steps, stairs, distance, and energy, present SpO2 monitoring, irregular coronary heart rhythm notification, potential for blood glucose monitoring, ECG app for coronary heart rhythm evaluation (Cost solely), HRV, pores and skin temperature variation, respiratory charge, wellness report, menstrual well being monitoring, sleep monitoring (period), and sleep staging (how lengthy spent in mild, deep and REM sleep), present a sleep high quality rating, gives a stress administration rating, skill to log temper, and may information by way of loosen up respiratory classes (Encourage and Luxe solely).
Mechanism
Fitbit reportedly makes use of coronary heart charge (PPG) and movement to supply in a single day sleep period and sleep stage occasions (awake, REM, mild, deep). A sleep high quality rating, primarily based on coronary heart charge, restlessness, and extra) and different options supply customers sleep insights to enhance sleep.
Sensors
Accessible sensors rely on the particular tracker. Sensors embrace tri-axial accelerometer and PPG, and should embrace extra sensors resembling GPS, gyroscope, pores and skin temperature, barometer, different. See the next web sites for extra particular data on included sensors: https://dev.fitbit.com/construct/guides/sensors/, https://www.fitbit.com/international/us/know-how
Technical Issues
Fitbit makes use of proprietary algorithms and uncooked knowledge aren’t out there. It’s unclear how sensor knowledge are processed or how knowledge outputs like sleep rating are outlined or derived. There are additionally common software program updates that will change outputs, making it difficult to match knowledge over time.
Associated Publications and Abstracts
Quotation: Chinoy ED, Cuellar JA, Jameson JT, Markwald RR. Daytime Sleep-Monitoring Efficiency of 4 Industrial Wearable Units Throughout Unrestricted Residence Sleep. Nat Sci Sleep. 2023;15:151-164.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s395732
URL: https://www.dovepress.com/daytime-sleep-tracking-performance-of-four-commercial-wearable-devices-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS
Trade Help: No
Validation Examine: Sure
Comparability Take a look at(s): Sleep-tracking efficiency of 4 business wearable units (Fatigue Science ReadiBand, Fitbit Encourage HR, Oura Ring, and Polar Vantage V Titan) was in comparison with Actiwatch 2 throughout unrestricted house daytime sleep.
Examine Abstract: This research evaluated the sleep-tracking efficiency of 4 business wearable units (Fatigue Science ReadiBand, Fitbit Encourage HR, Oura Ring, and Polar Vantage V Titan) throughout unrestricted house DAYTIME sleep in comparison with Actiwatch 2. Topics included N=16 wholesome younger adults (n=6 males; 26.6 ± 4.6 years of age) with routine daytime sleep schedules. Contributors wore all units concurrently whereas sleeping at house for 1 week beneath unrestricted circumstances and accomplished reference sleep logs. Researchers evaluated how effectively units captured the daytime sleep episode, bias in sleep timing, and frequency of missed and false-positive daytime sleep episodes. All units usually exhibited low TIB bias on most daytime sleep episodes (imply bias starting from -15.8 to 11.4 minutes), nonetheless all exhibited massive biases (eg, >1 h) a minimum of a number of the days. Units exhibited variance in whole missed daytime sleep episodes with Fatigue Science: 3.6%; Fitbit: 4.8%; Oura: 6.0%; Polar: 37.3%. Missed episodes occurred most frequently when TIB was <4h. The authors concluded that business wearabe units can largely obtain correct daytime sleep monitoring, however some units range in reliability.
Quotation: Schyvens AM, Van Oost NC, Aerts JM, et al. Accuracy of Fitbit Cost 4, Garmin Vivosmart 4, and WHOOP Versus Polysomnography: Systematic Evaluation. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2024;12:e52192.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/52192
URL: https://mhealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e52192
Trade Help: No
Validation Examine: Sure
Comparability Take a look at(s): Systematic assessment of accuracy of Fitbit Cost 4, Garmin Vivosmart, and WHOOP vs PSG for sleep staging and sleep parameters.
Examine Abstract: A scientific assessment of related publications was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of Fitbit Cost 4, Garmin Vivosmart 4, and WHOOP in figuring out sleep parameters and sleep levels. Eligible publications included people who concerned the validity of sleep knowledge of any marketed mannequin of the candidate wearables and used PSG or ambulatory EEG as a reference. Examine outcomes of 8 articles demonstrated that WHOOP deviated the least from PSG and Sleep Profiler for whole sleep time (−1.4 min), mild sleep (−9.6 min), and deep sleep (−9.3 min) however confirmed the most important disagreement for REM sleep (21.0 min). Garmin Vivosmart 4 confirmed the most important deviations in comparison with PSG and had decrease sensitivities to mild (27.9 min), deep (23.5 min), and REM (-12.5 min) sleep. Fitbit Cost 4 confirmed the least deviation for REM sleep (4.0 min) relative to PSG and better sensitivities to deep sleep (75%) and REM sleep (86.5%) in comparison with the opposite two units. Total, Fitbit Cost 4 and Garmin Vivosmart 4 confirmed reasonable accuracy in assessing sleep levels and whole sleep time in comparison with PSG. The authors concluded that the units with increased relative settlement and sensitivities to multistate sleep (ie, Fitbit Cost 4 and WHOOP) seem sufficient for acquiring appropriate estimates of sleep parameters. Examine analyses carried out concerning the multistate categorization of sleep point out that each one units demonstrated poor sleep stage differentiation in comparison with PSG.
Quotation: Ojalvo D, Pacheco AP, Benedict C. A great tool or a brand new problem? Hand-wrist-worn sleep trackers in sufferers with insomnia. J Sleep Res. 2023;32(5):e13883.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13883
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsr.13883
Trade Help: No
Validation Examine: No
Comparability Take a look at(s): No comparability, evaluated if sporting Fitbit Encourage 2 elevated insomnia signs.
Examine Abstract: This research examined sleep high quality, basic sleep reactivity to psychological stress, basic nervousness, and high quality of life in 27 shopper sleep wearable-naive sufferers with insomnia over 4 weeks (n=14 in Fitbit+ self-help information booklet group and n=12 in management group who solely saved a sleep diary) to grasp if day by day suggestions from business units exacerbated sleep-related fear. Baseline and remaining questionnaires have been accomplished at a main care go to to evaluate basic nervousness, sleep high quality, sleep reactivity to emphasize, and high quality of life. Sleep high quality, sleep reactivity to emphasize, and high quality of life improved considerably for sufferers in each teams in comparison with baseline, however no important variations existed between teams. The management group improved their common whole sleep time and sleep effectivity, whereas these sleep diary-dervied metrics didn’t considerably change in Fitbit sufferers. These variations have been primarily pushed by the management group reporting considerably decrease whole sleep time and effectivity on the baseline moderately than Fitbit sufferers spending much less time asleep because of worries. The authors conclude that utilizing wearables doesn’t essentially reinforce or exacerbate sleep-related worries and nervousness amongst folks with insomnia.
Quotation: Lim SE, Kim HS, Lee SW, Bae KH, Baek YH. Validation of Fitbit Encourage 2TM In opposition to Polysomnography in Adults Contemplating Adaptation for Use. Nat Sci Sleep. 2023;15:59-67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s391802
URL: https://www.dovepress.com/validation-of-fitbit-inspire-2tm-against-polysomnography-in-adults-con-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS
Trade Help: No
Validation Examine: Sure
Comparability Take a look at(s): Fitbit Encourage 2 in comparison with PSG for two nights 2 weeks aside
Examine Abstract: This research utilized Fitbit Encourage 2
(FBI2) to observe general sleep exercise utilizing and consider its efficiency and accuracy in comparison with PSG. Adults 20-55 years of age with mild-to-moderate insomnia have been included (N=9 whole contributors; common age 39 years). Contributors wore the FBI2 for two weeks, and accomplished 2 in a single day PSG assessments in a sleep lab (at baseline and after 2 weeks) whereas wering the the FBI2. The FBI2 overestimated TST by 17.91 minutes and overestimated deep sleep by 14.67 minutes in comparison with PSG. Different sleep variables confirmed no important variations between the FBI2 and PSG. Sensitivity of FBI2 was 93.9%, with low specificity (13.1%) for whole sleep, which was associated to Fitbit’s notion of sleep when there isn’t any motion. The sensitivity and specificity of every sleep stage was 54.3% and 62.3%, respectively, for mild sleep, 84.8% and 50.1%, respectively, for deep sleep, and 86.4% and 59.1%, respectively for REM sleep. This research is constant outcomes with earlier research of Fitbit units, and the authors concluded that that the FBI2 may be thought-about as an alternative choice to PSG as an goal device for measuring sleep in day by day life.
Medical Trials
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06286774
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06205225
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT05934565
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06174558
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06337708
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06409351
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06153524
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06284109
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT05654142
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT05701618
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06101485
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT03576924
Associated Applied sciences
Apple watches, Fitbit (watches), Withings Scanwatch, Biostrap, EverSleep, Polar watches, Jawbone, Ivy, Oxitone 1000M, Actigraph Centrepoint Perception, Actigraph LEAP, Philips Actiwatch, Readiband and Readiwatch, Fibion, FitBit watches, Somnowatch Plus +Eco, Micro Motionlogger-SleepWatch 2.0, Emaptica- EmbracePlus watch, GENEActiv
The put up Fitbit (Trackers: Cost 6, Encourage 3, and Luxe) appeared first on American Academy of Sleep Medication – Affiliation for Sleep Clinicians and Researchers.
