Abstract
Fitbit smartwatches are wearable monitoring units with superior smartwatch options. They’re designed to assist customers monitor their well being and health objectives whereas additionally offering notifications, apps, music management, and different options usually related to a smartwatch. Fitbits monitor well being and wellness information, equivalent to steps, distance, and energy burned. In units with coronary heart fee monitoring, sleep can be estimated. FitBits use a triaxial accelerometer to seize physique movement in 3D area, which is then analyzed, with PPG information, by Fitbit algorithms to determine patterns of movement and supply the person with quite a lot of completely different information components. Fundamental options embody sleep monitoring, vibrational silent alarm, sensible wake, sleep rating, bedtime reminders, and sleep insights. The premium app supplies added Sleep Profile2 options such snore and noise detection and extra detailed sleep metrics. Fitbit doesn’t have FDA cleared indications for sleep, however does have 2 FDA cleared software program as a medical machine (SaMD): for OTC irregular rhythm notification (4/8/22) and its ECG app (9/11/20).
Claimed Capabilities/Measurements
Each the Sense 2 and the Versa 4 have built-in GPS, have coronary heart fee monitoring, monitor exercise zone minutes, present a cardiofitness and each day readiness rating, monitor steps, stairs, distance, and energy, present SpO2 monitoring, irregular coronary heart rhythm notification, potential for blood glucose monitoring, ECG app for coronary heart rhythm evaluation (Sense 2 solely), HRV, Pores and skin temperature variation, pores and skin temp sensor (Sense 2 solely), respiration fee, wellness report, menstrual well being monitoring, sleep monitoring (period), sleep staging (how lengthy spent in gentle, deep and REM sleep), a sleep high quality rating, a stress administration rating, capability to log temper, and steering via relaxed respiration periods. The Sense 2 additionally has all-day physique response monitoring for stress identification and administration. The Ace LTE is particularly designed for kids 7+. The Ace goals to gamify exercise and act as a solution to monitor location and join with specified contacts.
Mechanism
Fitbit reportedly makes use of coronary heart fee (PPG) and movement to supply in a single day sleep period and sleep stage instances (awake, REM, gentle, deep). A sleep high quality rating, primarily based on coronary heart fee, restlessness, and extra) and different options supply customers sleep insights to enhance sleep.
Sensors
Out there sensors rely on the precise smartwatch. Sensors embody tri-axial accelerometer and PPG, and should embody further sensors equivalent to GPS, gyroscope, pores and skin temperature, barometer, different. See the next web sites for extra particular data on included sensors: https://dev.fitbit.com/construct/guides/sensors/, https://www.fitbit.com/international/us/know-how
Technical Issues
Fitbit makes use of proprietary algorithms and uncooked information should not out there. It’s unclear how sensor information are processed or how information outputs like sleep rating are outlined or derived. There are additionally common software program updates that will change outputs, making it difficult to match information over time.
Publications and Associated Abstracts
Quotation: Danielsson ML, Vergeer M, Plasqui G, Baumgart JK. Accuracy of the Apple Watch Collection 4 and Fitbit Versa for Assessing Vitality Expenditure and Coronary heart Price of Wheelchair Customers Throughout Treadmill Wheelchair Propulsion: Cross-sectional Examine. JMIR Type Res. 2024;8:e52312.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/52312
URL: https://formative.jmir.org/2024/1/e52312
Business Help: No
Validation Examine: Sure
Comparability Take a look at(s): Fitbit Versa and Apple Watch Collection 4 (AW) in comparison with Vyntus CPX ergospirometer for EE and Polar HR monitor for HR.
Examine Abstract: This research assessed the accuracy of the Apple Watch (AW) Collection 4 (wheelchair-specific setting) and the Fitbit Versa (treadmill operating mode) for estimating power expenditure and coronary heart fee throughout wheelchair propulsion at completely different intensities (4-minutes on a treadmill at 0.5, 2.5%, and 5% incline with growing speeds throughout levels). Topics included n=20 guide wheelchair customers and n=20 people with out incapacity (age vary 18-60 years). Vitality expenditure and coronary heart fee (chest strap) had been measured utilizing commonplace protocols. The AW and Fitbit had been worn concurrently on the non-dominate wrist. For each units, coronary heart fee was assessed utilizing PPG, and exercise (or “steps”) had been assessed utilizing the built-in accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. Every sensible watch reported coronary heart fee and power expenditure per their particular person algorithms. The AW was set to “outside push strolling tempo” and the Fitbit was set to “treadmill operating” for the exercise. Common coronary heart fee and power expenditure over every 4-minute exercise interval was used for evaluation. Imply absolute share error (MAPE) was used to point absolutely the settlement between measured power expenditure and coronary heart fee utilizing commonplace units, and power expenditure and coronary heart fee reported by every smartwatch. The AW underestimated power expenditure with MAPEs of 29.2% (SD 22%) in wheelchair customers and 30% (SD 12%) in individuals with out incapacity. The Fitbit overestimated power expenditure with MAPEs of 73.9% (SD 7%) in wheelchair customers and 44.7% (SD 38%) in individuals with no incapacity. Each smartwatches underestimated coronary heart fee. The authors concluded that neither the AW nor Fitbit had been sufficiently correct for estimating power expenditure or coronary heart fee throughout wheelchair propulsion.
Quotation: Lee T, Cho Y, Cha KS, et al. Accuracy of 11 Wearable, Nearable, and Airable Shopper Sleep Trackers: Potential Multicenter Validation Examine. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2023;11:e50983.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/50983
URL: https://mhealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e50983
Business Help: No
Validation Examine: Sure
Comparability Take a look at(s): In contrast 11 forms of shopper sleep trackers to in-lab PSG
Examine Abstract: This research aimed to validate the accuracy of 11 forms of shopper sleep trackers (CST) in contrast with 1 evening in-lab polysomnography (PSG). A complete of N=75 adults with and with out scheduled PSGs participated (e.g. some contributors had scheduled PSGs for sleep problem evaluations, and a few contributors had been recruited from a clinic). Commercially out there CSTs included 5 wearables (Google Pixel Watch, Galaxy Watch 5, Fitbit Sense 2, Apple Watch 8, and Oura Ring 3), 3 nearables (Withings Sleep Monitoring Mat, Google Nest Hub 2, and Amazon Halo Rise), and three airables (SleepRoutine, SleepScore, and Pillow). To keep away from sign interference, CSTs being evaluated had been divided into 2 teams the place these units with comparable frequencies weren’t used concurrently. Thus for every participant, 8 CSTs had been evaluated concurrently in comparison with PSG. Information from all units had been synced, and staged as wake, gentle or deep sleep, or REM sleep in 1 second epochs. Common sleep measurements had been in contrast, and any proportional bias was assessed utilizing Pearson correlation and a Bland-Altman plot. The authors concluded that the Google Pixel Watch, Galaxy Watch 5, and Fitbit Sense 2 demonstrated aggressive efficiency amongst wearables, and the Amazon Halo Rise and SleepRoutine stood out amongst nearables and airables, respectively. Necessary medical elements equivalent to BMI and sleep problem severity might have an effect on CST efficiency and accuracy.
Quotation: Willoughby AR, Golkashani HA, Ghorbani S, et al. Efficiency of wearable sleep trackers throughout nocturnal sleep and intervals of simulated real-world smartphone use. Sleep Well being. 2024;10(3):356-368.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2024.02.007
URL: https://www.sleephealthjournal.org/article/S2352-7218(24)00032-9/fulltext
Business Help: Sure
Validation Examine: Sure
Comparability Take a look at(s): (Funding from Oura) Oura Ring Gen 3, Fitbit Sense, AXTRO Match 3, Xiaomi Mi Band 7, and ActiGraph GT9X in comparison with in-laboratory PSG.
Examine Abstract: This research aimed to judge sleep/wake transition detection of shopper sleep trackers (CSTs; Oura Ring Gen 3, Fitbit Sense, AXTRO Match 3, Xiaomi Mi Band 7) and research-grade actigraphy (ActiGraph GT9X) in comparison with in-laboratory PSG throughout nocturnal sleep and simulated peri-sleep conduct involving minimal motion (e.g. reasing the paper or watch movies). Sixty-three wholesome volunteers (36 feminine) aged 20-68 had been included. Contributors engaged in frequent peri-sleep conduct (studying information articles, watching movies, and exchanging texts) on a smartphone earlier than and after the sleep interval, with 1 in a single day get up throughout sleep (inside ~45min of sleep onset). Detection and timing accuracy for sleep onset and wake instances had been analyzed utilizing a standardized protocol, together with discrepancy evaluation each together with and excluding the peri-sleep exercise intervals. The authors concluded that Oura and Fitbit had been extra correct at detecting sleep/wake transitions than ActiGraph and in comparison with the opposite CSTs. Detection accuracy was much less dependable within the presence of decrease sleep effectivity. With inclusion of peri-sleep intervals, specificity and Kappa improved considerably for Oura and Fitbit, however not ActiGraph. All units misclassified immobile wake as sleep in some situations, however was much less prevalent for Oura and Fitbit. Importantly, CSTs could also be much less correct throughout nights with low sleep effectivity.
Quotation: Sjöland O, Svensson T, Madhawa Ok, Nt H, Chung UI, Svensson AK. Associations of Subjective Sleep High quality with Wearable Machine-Derived Resting Coronary heart Price Throughout REM Sleep and Non-REM Sleep in a Cohort of Japanese Workplace Employees. Nat Sci Sleep. 2024;16:867-877.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s455784
URL: https://www.dovepress.com/associations-of-subjective-sleep-quality-with-wearable-device-derived–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS
Business Help: No
Validation Examine: No
Comparability Take a look at(s): In contrast subjective sleep high quality with coronary heart fee throughout REM sleep (HR REMS) and non-REM sleep (HR NREMS) utilizing Fitbit Versa.
Examine Abstract: The goal of this secondary evaluation was to analyze associations of subjective sleep high quality with coronary heart fee throughout REM sleep (HR REMS) non-REM sleep (HR NREMS) utilizing Fitbit Versa. A complete of N=163 Japanese workplace staff (92.6% male) with metabolic syndrome (MetS), Pre-MetS or a excessive danger of growing MetS had been included. HR was collected from Fitbit, and sleep high quality was assessed with a cellular utility utilizing the St. Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire each day for 90 days. Associations of between- and within-individual sleep high quality with HR REMS and HR NREMS had been analyzed with multi-level mannequin regression. The authors discovered no important associations between-individual sleep high quality and HR REMS and HR NREMS, and a big inverse within-individual affiliation between sleep high quality and HR REMS and HR NREMS. The authors concluded that their outcomes might contribute to the event of strategies for early detection of unhealthy sleeping patterns and the implementation of precision well being procedures for optimizing sleep and total well being.
Medical Trials
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06115590
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06015646
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06077994
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06100809
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT06015191
https://clinicaltrials.gov/research/NCT04516252
Associated Applied sciences
FitBit (trackers), Apple watches, Withings Scanwatch, Biostrap, EverSleep, Polar watches, Jawbone, Ivy, Oxitone 1000M, Actigraph Centrepoint Perception, Actigraph LEAP, Philips Actiwatch, Readiband and Readiwatch, Fibion, Micro Motionlogger-SleepWatch 2.0, Emaptica- EmbracePlus watch, GENEActiv
The publish Fitbit (Smartwatches: Sense 2, Versa 4, and Ace LTE) appeared first on American Academy of Sleep Drugs – Affiliation for Sleep Clinicians and Researchers.
