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Agarwood, aloeswood, eaglewood, gharuwood or the Wooden of Gods, mostly known as oud or oudh (from Arabic: عود, romanized: ʿūd, pronounced [ʕuːd]), is a aromatic, darkish and resinous wooden utilized in incense, fragrance, and small hand carvings. It’s shaped within the heartwood of Aquilaria timber after they turn out to be contaminated with a sort of Phaeoacremonium mould, P. parasitica. The tree defensively secretes a resin to fight the fungal infestation. Previous to changing into contaminated, the heartwood is usually missing in scent, and is comparatively mild and pale in colouration. Nevertheless, because the an infection advances, and the tree produces its aromatic resin as a closing choice of protection, the heartwood turns into very dense, darkish, and saturated with resin. This product is harvested, and most famously referred to in cosmetics below the scent names of oud, oodh or aguru; nonetheless, additionally it is referred to as aloes (to not be confused with the succulent plant genus Aloe), agar (this title, as properly, is to not be confused with the edible, algae-derived thickening agent agar agar), in addition to gaharu or jinko. With hundreds of years of recognized use, and valued throughout Muslim, Christian, and Hindu communities (amongst different spiritual teams), oud is prized in Center Jap and South Asian cultures for its distinctive perfume, utilized in colognes, incense and perfumes.
Cultivated aloes/agar wooden
Uninfected aquilaria wooden missing the darkish resin
One of many essential causes for the relative rarity and excessive price of agarwood is the depletion of the wild useful resource.[1] Since 1995, Aquilaria malaccensis, the first supply, has been listed in Appendix II (doubtlessly threatened species) by the Conference on Worldwide Commerce in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.[2] In 2004, all Aquilaria species had been listed in Appendix II; nonetheless, quite a lot of international locations have excellent reservations concerning that itemizing.[2]
The fragrant qualities of agarwood are influenced by the species, geographic location, its department, trunk and root origin, size of time since an infection, and strategies of harvesting and processing.[3]
Agarwood is commonly cited as one of the costly woods on the planet, together with African blackwood, sandalwood, pink ivory and ebony.[4][5] First-grade agarwood is likely one of the most costly pure uncooked supplies on the planet,[6] with 2010 costs for superior pure materials as excessive as US$100,000/kg, though in observe adulteration of the wooden and oil is frequent, permitting for costs as little as US$100/kg.[7] A complete vary of qualities and merchandise are in the marketplace, various in high quality with geographical location, botanical species, the age of the precise tree, cultural deposition and the part of the tree the place the piece of agarwood stems from.[8] As of 2013, the present world marketplace for agarwood is estimated to be within the vary of US$6–8 billion and is rising quickly.[9]
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